KEYSTONE XL
Builder: TransCanada. Capacity: 830,000 barrels a day. Cost: $8 billion. Backstory: runs from Hardisty, Alberta, south through the U.S. Midwest to Houston, Texas.
TRANS MOUNTAIN
Builder: Kinder Morgan. Capacity: 540,000 barrels a day. Cost: $5.4 billion. Backstory: runs parallel to existing line, would carry bitumen from Edmonton to Burnaby, B.C.
NORTHERN GATEWAY
Builder: Enbridge Inc. Capacity: 525,000 barrels a day. Cost: $7.9 billion. Backstory: runs from Bruderheim, Alberta, to Kitimat, B.C. Approved by Ottawa in 2014, but faces opposition from aboriginal communities.
MACKENZIE VALLEY
Builder: Imperial Oil Co. Capacity: Unknown Cost: Undetermined. Backstory:
runs north from the tar sands through the Northwest Territories to Tuktoyaktuk on the Arctic coast. Strong opposition from environmentalists.
ENERGY EAST
Builder: TransCanada. Capacity: 1.1 million barrels a day. Cost: $12 billion. Backstory: convert parts of natural gas line from Alberta to Ontario to carry bitumen to Ontario, then add a new line through Quebec to Halifax, New Brunswick.
For his yuletide ’14 gift for me, my brother David gave me a subscription of the Washington Spectator – and carried it over to ’15. I’ve enjoyed and benefited from his excellent gift – and especially enjoyed the lead story in your March ’15 issue.
Unfortunately, I’ve misplaced it. Am I able to order a replacement based on my subscriber-ship?